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古代建筑英語翻譯
01古建築
Ancient architecture
In this most basic form of architecture, the temple also has a single-eaves hall and a heavy eaves hall; the mountain has a single-eaves mountain, a heavy eaves, a three-drop water pavilion, a large eaves, a rolling shed, etc.; hard mountains and hanging mountains, common ones have both one floor and two-story buildings; the pointed buildings have triangles, four corners, five corners, hexagons, octagons, circular, single eaves, heavy eaves, multi-storey eaves and other forms.
02硬山建築
Hard hill building
The roof has only two slopes, and the left and right gables intersect the roof, and the buildings that seal all the purlin beams inside the gables are called hard mountain buildings. Hard hill architecture is the most common form of ancient architecture, and there are a large number of such buildings in both residences, gardens, and temples.
Hard mountain architecture is the most common type of small style, and the Qing "Engineering Practice Rules" lists examples of several small hard mountain buildings such as seven purlin small style, six small style, and five small style, which are also common forms of hard mountain architecture. The front and back corridor buildings of the Seven Purlins are the largest and most prominent buildings in small houses, and are often used as the main house, and sometimes used as a hall.
The front porch type of the six purlins is used as a box room with a porch, a matching room, and can also be used as a front porch and a porchless main room or a rear cover room. Wupai corridorless buildings are mostly used for corridorless boxes, rear cover rooms, inverted seat rooms, etc.
There are also many examples of hard mountain architecture, suc as palaces, temples in the auxiliary rooms or side rooms take the form of hard mountains. Large-style hard mountain buildings have two practices, with bucket arch and no bucket, there are fewer examples of hard mountains with buckets, generally only one bucket liter or one bucket two liters of hemp leaves do not step on the bucket.
There are many examples of large-style hard mountains without buckets, and the difference between it and small hard mountains is mainly in the aspects of architectural scale (such as face width, column height, and depth are greater than the general small building), roofing practices (such as roofing more green tube tiles, placing ridges to decorate kissing animals or using glazed tiles), architectural decoration (such as liang fangs with oil paintings, not like small architectural decorations are simple and elegant) and so on.
03懸山式
Hanging mountain style
The roof has two slopes, and the two hills of the roof are suspended from the gable or the mountain roof truss, which is called the hanging mountain (also known as the mountain picking) type building. The purlin between the hanging mountain buildings is not wrapped inside the gable, but picks out the gable, and the part that is picked out is called "out of the top", which is the main point that distinguishes it from the hard mountain.
According to the architectural shape and roofing method, the hanging mountain building can be divided into two types: the large roof ridge hanging mountain and the roll shed hanging mountain. There is a positive ridge at the intersection of the roofs before and after the hanging mountain, which divides the roof into two slopes. Common ones are Wu Purlin Hanging Mountain, Seven Purlin Hanging Mountain, And Wu Purlin Zhongzhu Type, Seven Purlin Middle Pillar Hanging Mountain (the latter two are mostly used as gates).
The roll shed is placed on the ridge of the hanging mountain, the roof has no positive ridge, and the front and back slopes of the roof form a ridge in the ridge. Common ones are four purlin roll sheds, six purlin roll sheds, eight purlin roll sheds and so on. There is also a combination of two kinds of hanging mountains, hooked up and connected, called one hall and one scroll, this form is often used for hanging flower doors.
04寺廟建築
Temple architecture
The roof of the temple building has four major slopes, the front and back slope roofs intersect to form a positive ridge, and the two mountain roofs intersect with the front and back roofs to form four vertical ridges, so the hall is also known as the four halls and the five ridge halls.
The temple building is the highest type of ancient Chinese architecture. In the hierarchical feudal society, this architectural form was often used for royal buildings such as palaces and altar temples, and was the most common form of major buildings on the central axis.
Such as the Forbidden City Noon Gate, Taihe Hall, Qianqing Palace, Taimiao Euphorbia Gate, Enjoyment Hall and its apse, Jingshan Shouhuang Hall, Shouhuang Gate, Ming Changling Ling'en Hall, etc.
05謝赫山建築
Sheikh mountain architecture
Among the various forms of ancient architecture, Xieshan architecture is the most basic and common architectural form.
The roof of the Xieshan building is steep and steep, the four corners are light and upturned, exquisite and exquisite, and the momentum is extraordinary, it has both the majestic momentum of the temple building and the beautiful style of the pointed building.
Whether it is the imperial palace, the prince's residence, the enemy tower of the city wall, the altar temple, the classical garden and the paving of the commercial port, etc., a large number of architectural forms such as Xieshan are used, and even the most famous complex buildings in ancient and modern times, such as the Yellow Crane Tower, the Tengwang Pavilion, the Forbidden City Corner Tower, etc., are also combined with Xieshan as the main form, which shows the important position of Xieshan architecture in ancient Chinese architecture.
In the external image, the Xieshan building is an organic combination of the temple (or four-cornered point) building and the hanging mountain building, as if the roof of a hanging mountain rests on the top of a temple.
06接機樓
Pick-up buildings
The roof of the building intersects at the top to form a spire, which is called a spire. Tip-point buildings exist in large numbers in ancient buildings. In the classical garden, various forms of pavilions, such as triangle, four corners, five corners, hexagons, octagons, round pavilions, etc. are all pointed buildings.
There are also a large number of sharp-tip buildings in the palace and altar temple, such as the Zhonghe Hall and Jiaotai Hall of the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Peiyong Hall of the Guozijian in Beijing, and the Guanyin Hall in the Xiaoxitian of beihai, all of which are four-cornered palace-like buildings. The Temple of Heaven Prayer Hall and the Imperial Vault are typical circular temple buildings. In the altar temple gardens in other parts of the country, there are also a large number of pointed buildings.
古代建筑英語翻譯
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